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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and flows directory sites of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - is scientology a religion. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area needs growth. You can help by including to it. In order to help with the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Though it has actually achieved some trustworthiness as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has actually been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field people it views as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost additional info consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the governmental transition group obtaining public input for the inbound administration. Scientology Perth opening.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some click here for more info nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a business business, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive strategies in resolving those it sees as attempting to suppress them, known as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow click here for more White actions were revealed.